Spanning Tree Protocol, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa Spanning Tree, ndi Waze kapena MapQuest ya ma netiweki amakono a Ethernet, kuwongolera magalimoto munjira yabwino kwambiri kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri nthawi yeniyeni.
Kutengera ndondomeko yopangidwa ndi wasayansi wamakompyuta waku America Radia Perlman pomwe amagwira ntchito ku Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) mu 1985, cholinga chachikulu cha Spanning Tree ndikuletsa maulalo osafunikira komanso kutsekeka kwa njira zolumikizirana pamasinthidwe ovuta a netiweki. Monga ntchito yachiwiri, Spanning Tree imatha kuyendetsa mapaketi mozungulira malo ovuta kuwonetsetsa kuti mauthenga amatha kudutsa pamanetiweki omwe akukumana ndi zosokoneza.
Spinning Tree topology vs. Ring topology
Pamene mabungwe anali atangoyamba kulumikiza makompyuta awo m'zaka za m'ma 1980, imodzi mwa masinthidwe otchuka kwambiri inali maukonde a mphete. Mwachitsanzo, IBM idayambitsa ukadaulo wake wa Token Ring mu 1985.
Mu ring network topology, node iliyonse imalumikizana ndi ena awiri, imodzi yomwe imakhala patsogolo pake pa mphete ndi imodzi yomwe ili kumbuyo kwake. Zizindikiro zimangozungulira mphete molunjika mbali imodzi, ndi mfundo iliyonse m'njira ikupereka paketi iliyonse yozungulira mpheteyo.
Ngakhale ma ring network osavuta amagwira ntchito bwino pakakhala makompyuta owerengeka, mphete zimakhala zopanda mphamvu pamene zida mazana kapena masauzande ziwonjezedwa pamanetiweki. Kompyuta ingafunike kutumiza mapaketi kupyola mazanamazana kuti ingogawana zambiri ndi makina ena m'chipinda choyandikana. Bandwidth ndi throughput imakhalanso vuto pamene magalimoto amatha kuyenda kumbali imodzi, popanda ndondomeko yosunga zobwezeretsera ngati nodi panjirayo yasweka kapena yodzaza kwambiri.
Mu 90s, monga Efaneti anafika mofulumira (100Mbit/sec. Fast Efaneti anayambitsidwa mu 1995) ndi mtengo Efaneti maukonde (milatho, masiwichi, cabling) anakhala wotchipa kwambiri kuposa Chizindikiro mphete, Spanning Tree anapambana LAN topology nkhondo ndi Chizindikiro. Mphete idazimiririka mwachangu.
Momwe Mtengo Wotambasula Umagwirira Ntchito
Spanning Tree ndi njira yotumizira mapaketi a data. Ndi gawo limodzi wapolisi wapamsewu komanso gawo limodzi loyang'anira misewu yayikulu yomwe data imadutsamo. Zimakhala pa Layer 2 (data link layer), kotero zimangokhudzidwa ndi kusuntha mapaketi kupita komwe akupita, osati mtundu wa mapaketi omwe akutumizidwa, kapena zomwe zili.
Spanning Tree wakhala ponseponse kotero kuti ntchito yake imatanthauzidwa muIEEE 802.1D network network standard. Monga tafotokozera muyeso, njira imodzi yokha yogwira ntchito ingakhalepo pakati pa mathero awiri kapena masiteshoni kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
Spanning Tree idapangidwa kuti ithetse mwayi woti data yomwe imadutsa pakati pa magawo a netiweki itsekeredwe. Nthawi zambiri, malupu amasokoneza ma aligorivimu otumizira omwe amaikidwa pazida zamaukonde, ndikupangitsa kuti chipangizocho zisadziwenso komwe chingatumize mapaketi. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mafelemu abwerezedwe kapena kutumiza mapaketi obwereza kumalo angapo. Mauthenga akhoza kubwerezedwa. Kulumikizana kumatha kubwereranso kwa wotumiza. Itha kusokoneza maukonde ngati malupu ochulukirapo ayamba kuchitika, kudya bandwidth popanda phindu lililonse ndikutsekereza magalimoto ena osaduka kuti asadutse.
The Spanning Tree Protocolimaletsa kupanga malupupotseka njira yonse koma imodzi yotheka pa paketi iliyonse ya data. Kusintha kwa netiweki kumagwiritsa ntchito Spanning Tree kutanthauzira mayendedwe amizu ndi milatho momwe deta ingayendere, ndikutseka njira zobwereza, kuwapangitsa kukhala osagwira ntchito komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe njira yoyamba ikupezeka.
Chotsatira chake ndi chakuti mauthenga a pa intaneti amayenda mosasunthika mosasamala kanthu za momwe maukonde amakhalira ovuta kapena aakulu. Mwanjira ina, Spanning Tree imapanga njira imodzi kudzera pa netiweki kuti deta iyende pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu mofanana ndi momwe akatswiri opangira maukonde adachitira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina akale.
Ubwino Wowonjezera wa Mtengo Wotambasula
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe Spanning Tree chimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikuchotsa kuthekera kwa njira zolumikizira mu netiweki. Koma palinso ubwino wina.
Chifukwa Spanning Tree imayang'ana nthawi zonse ndikutanthauzira njira za netiweki zomwe zilipo kuti mapaketi a data adutse, imatha kuzindikira ngati node yomwe ikukhala m'mphepete mwa imodzi mwanjirazo yayimitsidwa. Izi zitha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana kuyambira pakulephera kwa hardware kupita ku kasinthidwe katsopano kamaneti. Itha kukhala kwakanthawi kochepa kutengera bandwidth kapena zinthu zina.
Spanning Tree ikazindikira kuti njira yoyamba sikugwiranso ntchito, imatha kutsegulanso njira ina yomwe idatsekedwa kale. Itha kutumiza zidziwitso kuzungulira malo ovuta, kenako ndikusankha njira yolowera ngati njira yoyamba, kapena kutumiza mapaketi ku mlatho woyambirira ngati ipezekanso.
Ngakhale kuti mtengo wa Spanning Tree unali wofulumira kupanga malumikizano atsopanowo ngati pakufunika, mu 2001 IEEE inayambitsa Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). Zomwe zimatchedwanso kuti 802.1w ya protocol, RSTP inapangidwa kuti ipereke kuchira mofulumira kwambiri poyankha kusintha kwa maukonde, kuzimitsa kwakanthawi kapena kulephera kwenikweni kwa zigawo.
Ndipo pamene RSTP inayambitsa machitidwe atsopano ogwirizanitsa njira ndi maudindo a mlatho kuti apititse patsogolo ntchitoyi, idapangidwanso kuti ikhale yobwerera m'mbuyo yogwirizana ndi Mtengo Woyamba wa Spanning. Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuti zida zomwe zili ndi mitundu yonse iwiri ya protocol zizigwira ntchito pamaneti amodzi.
Zolakwika za Spanning Tree
Ngakhale Spanning Tree yakhala ikupezeka paliponse pazaka zambiri zotsatira zake, pali ena omwe amatsutsa kuti ndinthawi yafika. Cholakwika chachikulu cha Spanning Tree ndikuti chimatseka malupu omwe angakhalepo mkati mwa netiweki potseka njira zomwe zingayendere deta. Mu netiweki iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito Spanning Tree, pafupifupi 40% ya njira zopezera netiweki zatsekedwa ku data.
M'malo ovuta kwambiri ochezera a pa Intaneti, monga omwe amapezeka mkati mwa malo opangira deta, kukwanitsa kukwera mofulumira kuti akwaniritse zofunikira ndizofunikira. Popanda malire operekedwa ndi Spanning Tree, malo opangira data amatha kutsegulira bandwidth yochulukirapo popanda kufunikira kwa zida zowonjezera zapaintaneti. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa malo ovuta ochezera ndi chifukwa chake Spanning Tree idapangidwa. Ndipo tsopano chitetezo choperekedwa ndi protocol motsutsana ndi looping, mwanjira ina, chimalepheretsa maderawa kuti asathenso.
Njira yoyeretsedwa ya protocol yotchedwa Multiple-Instance Spanning Tree (MSTP) idapangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito ma LAN enieni ndikupangitsa kuti njira zambiri zapaintaneti zitseguke nthawi imodzi, ndikuletsabe malupu kupanga. Koma ngakhale ndi MSTP, njira zingapo zomwe zitha kukhala zotsekedwa pamaneti aliwonse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito protocol.
Pakhala pali zoyeserera zambiri zosakhazikika, zodziyimira pawokha zoletsa zoletsa za Spanning Tree kwazaka zambiri. Ngakhale opanga ena mwa iwo adzinenera kuti apambana pazoyeserera zawo, ambiri sagwirizana kwathunthu ndi ndondomeko yayikulu, kutanthauza kuti mabungwe akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosintha zosakhazikika pazida zawo zonse kapena kupeza njira yowaloleza kukhalapo nawo. masiwichi akuthamanga muyezo Spanning Tree. Nthawi zambiri, ndalama zosungira ndikuthandizira zokometsera zingapo za Spanning Tree sizoyenera kuyesetsa.
Kodi Mtengo Wotambasula Udzapitirizabe M'tsogolomu?
Kupatula malire a bandwidth chifukwa cha Spanning Tree kutseka njira zama network, palibe malingaliro ambiri kapena kuyesetsa kuyika m'malo mwa protocol. Ngakhale IEEE nthawi zina imatulutsa zosintha kuti ayesere kuti zitheke bwino, nthawi zonse zimakhala zobwerera m'mbuyo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mitundu yomwe ilipo kale.
Mwanjira ina, Spanning Tree imatsatira lamulo la "Ngati sichinathyoke, musakonze." Spanning Tree imayenda modziyimira pawokha kumbuyo kwa maukonde ambiri kuti magalimoto aziyenda, kuteteza malupu oyambitsa ngozi kuti asapangike, ndikuyendetsa magalimoto mozungulira malo ovuta kotero kuti ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto asadziwe ngakhale ngati maukonde awo akusokonekera kwakanthawi ngati gawo latsiku ndi tsiku. ntchito za tsiku. Pakadali pano, kumbuyo, oyang'anira amatha kuwonjezera zida zatsopano pamanetiweki awo popanda kuganizira mozama kuti azitha kulumikizana ndi intaneti kapena kunja.
Chifukwa cha zonsezi, ndizotheka kuti Spanning Tree ikhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi. Pakhoza kukhala zosintha zina zazing'ono nthawi ndi nthawi, koma maziko a Spanning Tree Protocol ndi zovuta zonse zomwe imachita mwina zili pano.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-07-2023
