M'malo othamanga kwambiri amakono amakono, kusinthika kwa Local Area Networks (LANs) kwatsegula njira zothetsera mavuto kuti akwaniritse zovuta zomwe zikukula m'bungwe. Njira imodzi yotere yomwe ikuwonekera ndi Virtual Local Area Network, kapena VLAN. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana zovuta za ma VLAN, cholinga chawo, ubwino, zitsanzo zoyendetsera ntchito, machitidwe abwino, ndi ntchito yofunikira yomwe amatenga kuti agwirizane ndi zofuna zomwe zimasintha nthawi zonse za maukonde.
I. Kumvetsetsa ma VLAN ndi Cholinga Chawo
Virtual Local Area Networks, kapena ma VLAN, amafotokozeranso lingaliro lachikhalidwe la ma LAN poyambitsa gawo lokhazikika lomwe limathandiza mabungwe kuti azitha kukulitsa maukonde awo ndi kukula, kusinthasintha, ndi zovuta. Ma VLAN kwenikweni ndi magulu a zida kapena ma netiweki omwe amalumikizana ngati gawo la LAN imodzi, pomwe zenizeni, amapezeka mugawo limodzi kapena angapo a LAN. Magawo awa amasiyanitsidwa ndi ma LAN ena onse kudzera pa milatho, ma routers, kapena masiwichi, kulola kuwonjezereka kwachitetezo ndikuchepetsa kuchedwa kwa netiweki.
Kufotokozera kwaukadaulo kwa magawo a VLAN kumakhudza kudzipatula kwawo ku LAN yotakata. Kudzipatulaku kumayang'ana zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mu ma LAN achikhalidwe, monga kuwulutsa komanso kugundana. Ma VLAN amakhala ngati "magawo ogundana," amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kugundana ndikukhathamiritsa ma network. Kuwonjezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a VLAN kumafikira kuchitetezo cha data ndi kugawa momveka bwino, pomwe ma VLAN amatha kuikidwa m'magulu motengera madipatimenti, magulu a polojekiti, kapena mfundo ina iliyonse yolongosoka.
II. Chifukwa Chiyani Gwiritsani Ntchito VLAN
Mabungwe amapindula kwambiri ndiubwino wogwiritsa ntchito VLAN. Ma VLAN amapereka zotsika mtengo, monga malo ogwirira ntchito mkati mwa VLAN amalumikizana kudzera pakusintha kwa VLAN, kuchepetsa kudalira ma routers, makamaka kulumikizana kwamkati mkati mwa VLAN. Izi zimapatsa mphamvu ma VLAN kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa data, kuchepetsa kuchedwa kwapaintaneti.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kusinthasintha kwa kasinthidwe ka maukonde ndi chifukwa china chomveka chogwiritsira ntchito ma VLAN. Atha kukhazikitsidwa ndikupatsidwa kutengera doko, protocol, kapena subnet, kulola mabungwe kusintha ma VLAN ndikusintha mapangidwe amtundu ngati pakufunika. Kuphatikiza apo, ma VLAN amachepetsa zoyesayesa zoyang'anira pochepetsa mwayi wopezeka m'magulu ogwiritsira ntchito, kupangitsa kasinthidwe ka netiweki ndi njira zachitetezo kukhala zogwira mtima.
III. Zitsanzo za Kukhazikitsidwa kwa VLAN
Muzochitika zenizeni, mabizinesi omwe ali ndi maofesi ambiri komanso magulu akuluakulu amapeza zabwino zambiri pakuphatikiza ma VLAN. Kuphweka komwe kumakhudzana ndi kukonza ma VLAN kumalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana komanso kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa madipatimenti osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, magulu odziwa zamalonda, malonda, IT, ndi kusanthula bizinesi amatha kugwirizana bwino akapatsidwa VLAN yomweyi, ngakhale malo awo atakhala pansi kapena nyumba zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale pali mayankho amphamvu operekedwa ndi ma VLAN, ndikofunikira kukumbukira zovuta zomwe zingachitike, monga kusagwirizana kwa VLAN, kuwonetsetsa kuti maukondewa akwaniritsidwa bwino m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana.
IV. Zochita Zabwino Kwambiri ndi Kusamalira
Kukonzekera koyenera kwa VLAN ndikofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo zonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito magawo a VLAN kumapangitsa kuti maukonde afulumire komanso otetezeka kwambiri, kuthana ndi kufunikira kosinthira zofunikira pamanetiweki. Managed Service Providers (MSPs) amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonza ma VLAN, kuyang'anira kagawidwe ka zida, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maukonde akuyenda nthawi zonse.
| 10 Njira Zabwino Kwambiri | Tanthauzo |
| Gwiritsani ntchito ma VLAN kuti mugawane Magalimoto | Mwachikhazikitso, zida zapaintaneti zimalumikizana momasuka, kuyika chiwopsezo chachitetezo. Ma VLAN amathana ndi izi pogawa magalimoto, kutsekereza kulumikizana ndi zida zomwe zili mkati mwa VLAN yomweyo. |
| Pangani Separate Management VLAN | Kukhazikitsa kasamalidwe kodzipereka kwa VLAN kumawongolera chitetezo chamaneti. Kudzipatula kumawonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa oyang'anira VLAN sizikhudza netiweki yayikulu. |
| Perekani Ma Static IP Maadiresi a Management VLAN | Ma adilesi a IP osasunthika amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuzindikiritsa zida ndi kasamalidwe ka netiweki. Kupewa DHCP kwa oyang'anira VLAN kumatsimikizira kuwongolera kosasintha, kufewetsa kasamalidwe ka netiweki. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma subnets osiyana pa VLAN iliyonse kumakulitsa kudzipatula kwa magalimoto, kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha mwayi wosaloledwa. |
| Gwiritsani Ntchito Private IP Address Space for Management VLAN | Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo, VLAN yoyang'anira imapindula ndi malo achinsinsi a IP, kulepheretsa otsutsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma VLAN osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yokhazikika komanso yolongosoka pakuwongolera maukonde. |
| Osagwiritsa ntchito DHCP pa Management VLAN | Kuwongolera DHCP pa VLAN yoyang'anira ndikofunikira pachitetezo. Kudalira ma adilesi a IP osasunthika kumalepheretsa mwayi wopezeka mosavomerezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa omwe akuukirawo kuti alowe mumanetiweki. |
| Tetezani Madoko Osagwiritsidwa Ntchito ndikuletsa Ntchito Zosafunika | Madoko osagwiritsidwa ntchito amakhala pachiwopsezo chachitetezo, kuyitanitsa mwayi wosaloledwa. Kuletsa madoko osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ntchito zosafunikira kumachepetsa ma vectors owukira, kulimbitsa chitetezo chamaneti. Njira yolimbikitsira imaphatikizapo kuyang'anira ndikuwunika ntchito zomwe zikuchitika. |
| Gwiritsani Ntchito Kutsimikizika kwa 802.1X pa Management VLAN | Kutsimikizika kwa 802.1X kumawonjezera chitetezo chowonjezera polola zida zovomerezeka zokha kuti zilowe ku VLAN yoyang'anira. Izi zimateteza zida zofunikira pamanetiweki, kupewa kusokoneza komwe kungachitike chifukwa cholowa mosaloledwa. |
| Thandizani Port Security pa Management VLAN | Monga malo ofikira apamwamba, zida zoyang'anira VLAN zimafuna chitetezo chokhazikika. Chitetezo pamadoko, chokonzedwa kuti chilole ma adilesi ovomerezeka a MAC okha, ndi njira yothandiza. Izi, kuphatikizidwa ndi njira zina zachitetezo monga Access Control Lists (ACLs) ndi zozimitsa moto, zimakulitsa chitetezo chonse pamaneti. |
| Letsani CDP pa Management VLAN | Ngakhale Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) imathandizira kasamalidwe ka netiweki, imabweretsa zoopsa zachitetezo. Kuletsa CDP pa oyang'anira VLAN kumachepetsa zoopsazi, kuletsa mwayi wosaloleka komanso kuwonekera kwa chidziwitso chachinsinsi cha intaneti. |
| Konzani ACL pa Management VLAN SVI | Access Control Lists (ACLs) pa oyang'anira VLAN Switch Virtual Interface (SVI) amaletsa mwayi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi makina ovomerezeka. Potchula ma adilesi ovomerezeka a IP ndi ma subnets, mchitidwewu umalimbitsa chitetezo chamanetiweki, kuletsa mwayi wosaloleka ku ntchito zoyang'anira. |
Pomaliza, ma VLAN adatuluka ngati yankho lamphamvu, kuthana ndi malire a ma LAN achikhalidwe. Kutha kwawo kutengera mawonekedwe a netiweki omwe akusintha, kuphatikiza phindu la kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, kusinthasintha, komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito zoyang'anira, zimapangitsa ma VLAN kukhala ofunikira pamaneti amakono. Pamene mabungwe akupitiriza kukula, ma VLAN amapereka njira zowonongeka komanso zogwira mtima kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zowonongeka zamakono zamakono.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-14-2023
