M'dziko lamanetiweki, ma switch ndi ma routers amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kosasunthika ndikuwongolera bwino kwa data. Komabe, ntchito zawo ndi ntchito zake nthawi zambiri sizimamveka bwino. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kumveketsa bwino kusiyana pakati pa ma switch a netiweki ndi ma routers ndikuthandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba ndi mabizinesi kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino pamanetiweki awo.
Tanthauzirani masiwichi a netiweki ndi ma router
Network switch:
Kusintha kwa netiweki ndi chipangizo chomwe chimalumikiza zida zingapo mkati mwa netiweki yapafupi (LAN).
Imathandizira kugawana zinthu polola zida kuti zizilumikizana.
Masiwichi amagwira ntchito pagulu la data (Layer 2) la mtundu wa OSI, pogwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a MAC kutumiza deta kumalo olondola.
rauta:
Ma router amalumikiza maukonde angapo ndikuwongolera mapaketi pakati pawo.
Imathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa maukonde osiyanasiyana, monga kulumikiza nyumba kapena ofesi pa intaneti.
Ma routers amagwira ntchito pa netiweki wosanjikiza (Layer 3) wa mtundu wa OSI ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a IP kuti atumize deta komwe akupita.
Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa Kusintha ndi Router
1. Ntchito ndi udindo
Sinthani: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kulumikiza zida mkati mwa netiweki imodzi. Amawonetsetsa kusamutsa kwa data moyenera komanso kulumikizana pakati pa zida zolumikizidwa monga makompyuta, osindikiza ndi maseva.
Router: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza maukonde osiyanasiyana. Amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa data pakati pa ma netiweki ndikuwongolera data kuchokera pa netiweki imodzi kupita ina, monga netiweki yakunyumba kupita pa intaneti.
2. Kutumiza kwa data
Sinthani: Imagwiritsa ntchito adilesi ya MAC kudziwa komwe mapaketi ali mkati mwa netiweki yakomweko. Izi zimathandiza zipangizo kulankhulana mwachindunji popanda kufunika maukonde wosanjikiza routing.
Router: Imagwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a IP kudziwa njira yabwino kwambiri yolumikizira data pakati pamanetiweki. Amayang'anira data potengera maadiresi a netiweki, kuwonetsetsa kuti datayo ikufika komwe ikupita, kaya ndi netiweki yapafupi kapena pa intaneti.
3. Kugawanika kwa maukonde
Sinthani: Ma VLAN Angapo (Virtual Local Area Networks) atha kupangidwa kuti agawane kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamaneti amodzi. Izi zimathandiza kukonza chitetezo ndi kuwongolera.
Router: Itha kulumikiza ma VLAN osiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwamayendedwe pakati pawo. Ndiwofunikira pakulumikizana kwapakati pa VLAN ndikulumikiza magawo osiyanasiyana amtaneti.
4. Chitetezo ndi kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto
Kusintha: Kumapereka zofunikira zotetezera monga kusefa adilesi ya MAC ndi magawo a VLAN. Komabe, samapereka njira zotetezera zapamwamba.
Router: Imapereka zida zapamwamba zachitetezo kuphatikiza zozimitsa moto, chithandizo cha VPN, ndi NAT (Network Address Translation). Izi zimateteza maukonde ku ziwopsezo zakunja ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto bwino.
5. Milandu yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito
Kusintha: Kwabwino kukulitsa netiweki pamalo amodzi. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maofesi, nyumba ndi malo opangira deta kuti zigwirizane ndi zipangizo ndikuonetsetsa kuti kuyankhulana bwino.
Router: Yofunikira pakulumikiza maukonde angapo ndikupereka intaneti. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mnyumba, bizinesi, ndi maukonde operekera chithandizo kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa data ndikuwonetsetsa kulumikizana kotetezeka.
Zitsanzo zogwiritsira ntchito ma switch ndi ma routers
Netiweki yakunyumba:
Kusintha: Kumalumikiza zida zosiyanasiyana monga makompyuta, ma TV anzeru, ndi ma consoles amasewera mkati mwa netiweki yakunyumba. Onetsetsani kuti zida zonse zitha kulumikizana ndikugawana zinthu monga osindikiza ndi zida zosungira.
Router: Imalumikiza netiweki yanu yakunyumba ku intaneti. Imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa data pakati pa netiweki yanu yapanyumba ndi Internet Service Provider (ISP), kukupatsani zinthu monga malumikizidwe a Wi-Fi, DHCP, ndi chitetezo kudzera pa zozimitsa moto.
Small Business Network:
Kusintha: kumalumikiza zida zamaofesi monga ma PC, osindikiza, mafoni a IP, maseva, ndi zina zambiri. Limbikitsani magwiridwe antchito a netiweki poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa data mkati mwa ofesi.
Router: Imalumikiza netiweki yamaofesi ku intaneti ndi maukonde ena akutali. Amapereka zida zachitetezo monga VPN kuti mufike kutali ndi chitetezo chachitetezo paziwopsezo zamaneti.
Network Network:
Masinthidwe: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu akulu kuti alumikizane ndi zida mazana kapena masauzande ambiri m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana kapena pansi. Imathandizira zida zapamwamba monga ma VLAN pamagawo amtaneti ndi QoS (Quality of Service) pakuyika patsogolo magalimoto.
Ma Routers: Lumikizani maofesi osiyanasiyana ndi malo opangira data kuti muwonetsetse kulumikizana kodalirika, kotetezeka ku bungwe lonse. Sinthani ma protocol ovuta ndikupereka zida zapamwamba zachitetezo kuti muteteze zidziwitso zachinsinsi.
Pomaliza
Kumvetsetsa maudindo ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za ma switch a netiweki ndi ma rauta ndikofunikira kuti mupange netiweki yabwino, yotetezeka. Masinthidwe ndi ofunikira pakuyankhulirana kwapakati pamaneti, pomwe ma routers ndi ofunikira pakulumikiza maukonde osiyanasiyana ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka data pakati pawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za zida zonse ziwirizi, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupanga njira zothetsera maukonde kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo zamalumikizidwe. Ku Todahike, timapereka masiwichi ambiri ochita bwino kwambiri komanso ma routers kuti akuthandizeni kupanga ma network abwino kwambiri kunyumba kapena bizinesi yanu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-10-2024
