Kusintha kwa ma netiweki ndiye msana wa maukonde amakono olumikizirana, kuwonetsetsa kuyenda kwa data mosasunthika pakati pa zida zamabizinesi ndi mafakitale. Kupanga zigawo zofunika kwambirizi kumaphatikizapo njira yovuta komanso yowonongeka yomwe imaphatikizapo luso lamakono, umisiri wolondola komanso kuwongolera khalidwe labwino kuti apereke zida zodalirika, zogwira ntchito kwambiri. Nayi kuseri kwazithunzi zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga ma switch a netiweki.
1. Mapangidwe ndi chitukuko
Ulendo wopanga makina osinthira maukonde umayamba ndi gawo la mapangidwe ndi chitukuko. Mainjiniya ndi okonza amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti apange tsatanetsatane ndi mapulani kutengera zosowa zamsika, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso zomwe makasitomala amafuna. Gawoli likuphatikizapo:
Mapangidwe ozungulira: Akatswiri amapanga mabwalo, kuphatikiza bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) lomwe limakhala msana wa switch.
Kusankha zigawo: Sankhani zida zapamwamba kwambiri, monga mapurosesa, ma memory chips, ndi zida zamagetsi, zomwe zimakwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito komanso kulimba kofunikira pama switch a netiweki.
Prototyping: Ma Prototypes amapangidwa kuti ayesere magwiridwe antchito, magwiridwe antchito, ndi kudalirika kwa kapangidwe kake. Prototype idayesedwa mwamphamvu kuti izindikire zolakwika zilizonse zamapangidwe kapena madera omwe angasinthidwe.
2. Kupanga kwa PCB
Mapangidwewo akamaliza, njira yopangira imalowa mu gawo lopangira PCB. Ma PCB ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi mabwalo apakompyuta ndipo zimapereka mawonekedwe amtundu wa ma switch a netiweki. Kupanga kumaphatikizapo:
Kuyika: Kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zingapo zamkuwa wowongolera ku gawo lopanda ma conductive kumapanga njira zamagetsi zolumikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
Etching: Kuchotsa mkuwa wosafunikira pa bolodi, ndikusiya njira yolondola yoyendetsera ntchito yosinthira.
Kubowola ndi Plating: Boolani mabowo mu PCB kuti muthandizire kuyika zinthu. Mabowowa amakutidwa ndi zinthu zowongolera kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizana koyenera kwamagetsi.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Maski a Solder: Ikani chigoba choteteza ku PCB kuti muteteze mabwalo amfupi ndikuteteza mabwalo ku kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Silk Screen Printing: Zolemba ndi zozindikiritsa zimasindikizidwa pa PCB kuti ziwongolere msonkhano ndi kuthetsa mavuto.
3. Kusonkhana kwa magawo
PCB ikakonzeka, chotsatira ndikusonkhanitsa zigawozo pa bolodi. Gawoli likuphatikizapo:
Surface Mount Technology (SMT): Kugwiritsa ntchito makina odzipangira okha kuyika zida pa PCB pamwamba kwambiri. SMT ndiyo njira yabwino yolumikizira zigawo zing'onozing'ono, zovuta monga resistors, capacitors, ndi ma circuits ophatikizika.
Kupyolera mu Hole Technology (THT): Pazigawo zazikulu zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chowonjezera cha makina, zigawo zodutsa-bowo zimalowetsedwa m'mabowo obowoledwa kale ndikugulitsidwa ku PCB.
Reflow soldering: PCB yosonkhanitsidwa imadutsa mu uvuni wa reflow pomwe phala la solder limasungunuka ndikulimba, ndikupanga kulumikizana kotetezedwa kwamagetsi pakati pa zigawo ndi PCB.
4. Firmware mapulogalamu
Ntchito ikatha, firmware ya network switch imakonzedwa. Firmware ndi pulogalamu yomwe imayang'anira magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a Hardware. Gawoli likuphatikizapo:
Kuyika kwa Firmware: Firmware imayikidwa mu kukumbukira kwa switch, kuilola kuti igwire ntchito zofunika monga kusintha mapaketi, kuwongolera, ndi kuyang'anira maukonde.
Kuyesa ndi Kuyimitsa: Kusinthako kumayesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti firmware yayikidwa bwino ndipo ntchito zonse zikugwira ntchito monga momwe zikuyembekezeredwa. Izi zitha kuphatikiza kuyesa kupsinjika kuti mutsimikizire kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya netiweki.
5. Kuwongolera Ubwino ndi Kuyesa
Kuwongolera kwaubwino ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga, kuwonetsetsa kuti kusintha kwa netiweki kulikonse kumakwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito, kudalirika komanso chitetezo. Gawoli likuphatikizapo:
Kuyesa Kwantchito: Kusintha kulikonse kumayesedwa kuti kuwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito moyenera komanso kuti madoko onse ndi mawonekedwe akugwira ntchito momwe amayembekezeredwa.
Kuyesa kwachilengedwe: Ma switch amayesedwa kutentha, chinyezi, komanso kugwedezeka kuti atsimikizire kuti amatha kupirira malo osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito.
Kuyesa kwa EMI/EMC: Kuyesedwa kwa Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) ndi Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) kumachitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti switchyo situlutsa ma radiation oyipa ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito ndi zida zina zamagetsi popanda kusokonezedwa.
Kuyesa kwa Burn-in: Kusinthaku kumayatsidwa ndikuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali kuti azindikire zolakwika kapena zolephera zomwe zitha kuchitika pakapita nthawi.
6. Msonkhano womaliza ndi kulongedza
Pambuyo podutsa mayesero onse oyendetsa bwino, makina osindikizira amalowa mumsonkhano womaliza ndi kulongedza. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
Enclosure Assembly: PCB ndi zigawo zake zimayikidwa mkati mwa mpanda wolimba womwe umapangidwa kuti uteteze chosinthira ku kuwonongeka kwakuthupi komanso zachilengedwe.
Kulemba: Kusintha kulikonse kumalembedwa ndi chidziwitso cha malonda, nambala ya serial, ndi chizindikiritso chotsatira.
Kupaka: Chosinthiracho chimapakidwa mosamala kuti chiteteze pakutumiza ndi kusungirako. Phukusili lingakhalenso ndi buku la ogwiritsa ntchito, magetsi, ndi zina.
7. Kutumiza ndi Kugawa
Akapakidwa, chosinthira cha netiweki ndichokonzeka kutumizidwa ndi kugawa. Amatumizidwa kumalo osungira, ogulitsa kapena mwachindunji kwa makasitomala padziko lonse lapansi. Gulu loyang'anira mayendedwe limawonetsetsa kuti masiwichi amaperekedwa mosatekeseka, munthawi yake, komanso okonzeka kutumizidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana amtaneti.
Pomaliza
Kupanga ma switch switch ndi njira yovuta yomwe imaphatikiza ukadaulo wapamwamba, luso laluso komanso kutsimikizika kotsimikizika kwamtundu. Gawo lililonse kuchokera pakupanga ndi kupanga PCB mpaka kusonkhanitsa, kuyesa ndi kuyika ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zama network amakono. Monga msana wa maukonde amakono olumikizirana, masinthidwewa amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti deta yodalirika komanso yothandiza ikuyenda bwino m'mafakitale ndi ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-23-2024
